An experimental skin treatment might help young children who have strong reactions to peanuts. The new skin patch is designed to train the body to deal with the food allergy.
一项实验性皮肤治疗可能，有助于对花生有强烈反应的儿童。这种新的皮肤贴片旨在训练身体应对食物过敏。
An allergy is a strong sometimes dangerous reaction that comes after eating, touching or breathing something that is harmless to most people.
过敏是在食用、接触或呼吸对大多数人无害的东西后发生的一种强烈的、甚至是危险的反应。
About two percent of U.S. children are allergic to peanuts. Some are so allergic that even a small amount can cause a life-threatening reaction.
大约2%的美国儿童对花生过敏。有些过敏，即使是少量也会导致危及生命的反应。
Some children outgrow the allergy. But many must avoid peanuts for life and carry medicine to treat a severe reaction if they accidentally eat peanuts.
有些孩子长大后不再过敏了。但许多人必须终生不吃花生，并随身携带药物，以防不小心吃了花生后出现严重反应。
In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first treatment to increase tolerance to peanuts. The treatment is called Palforzia. It targets four to 17-year-old children and is eaten daily. The California-based drug company Aimmune Therapeutics makes Palforzia. The treatment is also being tested on children younger than four.
2020年，美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准了第一个增加花生耐受性的治疗方法。这种疗法被称为Palforzia。它的目标是4至17岁的儿童，每天食用。总部位于加州的免疫治疗公司生产Palforzia。该治疗方法也正在测试4岁以下儿童。
The new patch
新贴片
The new patch is called Viaskin. It provides a similar treatment to Palforzia but through the skin. France's DBV Technologies is researching skin-based treatments as another way to help the body tolerate allergens like peanuts.
这种新贴片被称为Viaskin。它提供了与Palforzia类似的治疗方法，但是通过皮肤进行。法国的DBV科技公司正在研究一种基于皮肤的疗法，作为帮助身体耐受花生等过敏原的另一种方法。
The Viaskin patch is covered with a small amount of peanut protein that the skin takes in. A daily patch is worn in the upper-middle part of the back, where young children cannot pull it off.
Viaskin贴片上覆盖着少量的花生蛋白，皮肤可以吸收。每天都要在背部的中上部贴上贴片，因为小孩子不会把它扯下来。
On May 11, the New England Journal of Medicine published a study on peanut allergies involving 362 young children ages one to three. The children were tested for the allergy and received the treatment for one year. After 12 months, researchers said the children who took the skin-based treatment showed more tolerance or less severe reactions than those who had taken no effective treatment, or a placebo.
5月11日，《新英格兰医学杂志》发表了一项关于花生过敏的研究，涉及362名1至3岁的幼儿。这些孩子接受了过敏测试，并接受了一年的治疗。12个月后，研究人员表示，与没有接受有效治疗或安慰剂治疗的儿童相比，接受皮肤治疗的儿童表现出更强的耐受性，反应也更轻。
Dr. Matthew Greenhawt is an allergist at Children's Hospital Colorado who helped lead the study. He said, if additional testing shows good results, "this would fill a huge unmet need."
马修·格林霍特博士是科罗拉多州儿童医院的过敏症专家，他帮助领导了这项研究。他说，如果进一步的测试显示出良好的结果，“将填补巨大的未满足需求。”
The researchers said that about two thirds of the children who used the real patch could safely eat more peanuts, about three to four.
研究人员说，大约三分之二使用了真正的贴片的孩子可以安全地吃更多的花生，约三到四颗。
That compares to about one third of the children who were given the patch without the peanut protein: the placebo. Greenhawt said that group likely included children who were outgrowing the allergy during the test.
相比之下，只有大约三分之一的孩子接受了不含花生蛋白的贴片:安慰剂。格林霍特说，这一群体可能包括那些在测试期间长大后不再过敏的儿童。
Four children receiving Viaksin experienced an allergic reaction called anaphylaxis that was found to be related to the patch. Three were treated with the medicine epinephrine to calm the reaction, and one dropped out of the study as a result.
四名接受Viaksin治疗的儿童出现了一种被称为过敏反应的过敏反应，这种反应被发现与贴片有关。其中三人接受了肾上腺素药物治疗以平息反应，一人因此退出了研究。
Some of the children also accidentally ate foods containing peanuts during the study. Researchers said allergic reactions happened less often among the Viaskin users than those wearing the patches without peanut protein. The most common side effect was skin irritation around the patch.
在研究过程中，一些孩子还不小心吃了含有花生的食物。研究人员表示，使用Viaskin贴片的人比不使用花生蛋白贴片的人发生过敏反应的频率要低。最常见的副作用是贴片周围的皮肤刺激。
The results "are very good news for toddlers and their families as the next step toward a future with more treatments for food allergies," said Dr. Alkis Togias of the National Institutes of Health. He was not involved with the study.
美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的阿尔基斯·托吉亚斯(Alkis Togias)博士说，这些结果“对幼儿和他们的家庭来说是一个非常好的消息，因为未来会有更多的食物过敏治疗方法。”他没有参与这项研究。
Togias warned that it is too early to compare treatment by skin and by mouth. But he pointed to data suggesting that both have different good and bad effects. He suggested that treatment by the mouth might be stronger but also might cause more side effects.
托吉亚斯警告说，现在对比皮肤治疗和口服治疗还为时过早。但他指出，数据表明，两者都有不同的优缺点。他建议，口服治疗可能更有效，但也可能导致更多的副作用。
DBV Technologies also struggled for several years to bring the peanut patch to market. Last month the company announced that the FDA wanted additional safety research for toddlers.
DBV科技公司也花了数年时间才将花生贴片推向市场。上个月，该公司宣布FDA希望对幼儿进行额外的安全性研究。
At least two studies are reportedly being carried out. One is researching a longer treatment program. A second study is targeting four- to seven-year-olds.
据报道，目前正在进行至少两项研究。一个是研究长期治疗方案。第二项研究针对的是4到7岁的儿童。
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·斯塔切尔报道。
An experimental skin treatment might help young children who have strong reactions to peanuts. The new skin patch is designed to train the body to deal with the food allergy.
An allergy is a strong sometimes dangerous reaction that comes after eating, touching or breathing something that is harmless to most people.
About two percent of U.S. children are allergic to peanuts. Some are so allergic that even a small amount can cause a life-threatening reaction.
Some children outgrow the allergy. But many must avoid peanuts for life and carry medicine to treat a severe reaction if they accidentally eat peanuts.
In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first treatment to increase tolerance to peanuts. The treatment is called Palforzia. It targets four to 17-year-old children and is eaten daily. The California-based drug company Aimmune Therapeutics makes Palforzia. The treatment is also being tested on children younger than four.
The new patch
The new patch is called Viaskin. It provides a similar treatment to Palforzia but through the skin. France's DBV Technologies is researching skin-based treatments as another way to help the body tolerate allergens like peanuts.
The Viaskin patch is covered with a small amount of peanut protein that the skin takes in. A daily patch is worn in the upper-middle part of the back, where young children cannot pull it off.
On May 11, the New England Journal of Medicine published a study on peanut allergies involving 362 young children ages one to three. The children were tested for the allergy and received the treatment for one year. After 12 months, researchers said the children who took the skin-based treatment showed more tolerance or less severe reactions than those who had taken no effective treatment, or a placebo.
Dr. Matthew Greenhawt is an allergist at Children's Hospital Colorado who helped lead the study. He said, if additional testing shows good results, "this would fill a huge unmet need."
The researchers said that about two thirds of the children who used the real patch could safely eat more peanuts, about three to four.
That compares to about one third of the children who were given the patch without the peanut protein: the placebo. Greenhawt said that group likely included children who were outgrowing the allergy during the test.
Four children receiving Viaksin experienced an allergic reaction called anaphylaxis that was found to be related to the patch. Three were treated with the medicine epinephrine to calm the reaction, and one dropped out of the study as a result.
Some of the children also accidentally ate foods containing peanuts during the study. Researchers said allergic reactions happened less often among the Viaskin users than those wearing the patches without peanut protein. The most common side effect was skin irritation around the patch.
The results "are very good news for toddlers and their families as the next step toward a future with more treatments for food allergies," said Dr. Alkis Togias of the National Institutes of Health. He was not involved with the study.
Togias warned that it is too early to compare treatment by skin and by mouth. But he pointed to data suggesting that both have different good and bad effects. He suggested that treatment by the mouth might be stronger but also might cause more side effects.
DBV Technologies also struggled for several years to bring the peanut patch to market. Last month the company announced that the FDA wanted additional safety research for toddlers.
At least two studies are reportedly being carried out. One is researching a longer treatment program. A second study is targeting four- to seven-year-olds.
I'm Gregory Stachel.
____________________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
patch - n. a piece of material that contains a drug and that is worn on your skin to allow the drug to slowly enter your body over a long period of time
tolerance - n. your body's ability to become adjusted to something (such as a drug) so that its effects are experienced less strongly
anaphylaxis - n. (medical) an extreme, sudden reaction that includes swell, increased blood pressure and breathing that comes from coming in contact with a drug or protein
irritation - v. to make (part of your body) sore or painful
toddler - n. a young child who is just learning to walk
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