科学美国人60秒：有氧运动不是对谁都管用

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Karen Hopkin.

这里是《科学美国人》的60秒科学，我是凯伦·霍普金。

You’ve probably promised yourself to get off the couch and get some exercise. But before you get up, you might be interested to know that new research suggests that not everyone will benefit from a good aerobic workout. The study appears in the Journal of Applied Physiology.

长期坐在室内学习上班的你，可能早就想出门做做运动了，不过先等等，出门前不如先看看一项研究结果：科学家发现，并不是所有人都能从有氧运动中得到好处。这项研究发表于《应用生理学杂志》(Journal of Applied Physiology)。

Many of us jog or swim or hit the gym in an attempt to keep fit, and to help ward off ailments like heart disease and diabetes. And aerobic exercise, which really gets your heart pumping and your blood flowing, is supposed to be the way to go. Because cardiovascular training generally increases what’s called the VO2 max, which is a measure of your ability to get oxygen to your hardworking muscles. The higher your VO2 max, the more fit you are. But in this study, scientists found that rigorous exercise does not boost everyone’s VO2 max. One in five participants improved less than 5 percent.

为了保持健康，许多人都会选择慢跑、游泳或者是去健身房，避免患上心脏病、糖尿病之类的疾病。有氧运动理论上是一种有效的健身方式，因为它可以锻炼心肺，让全身的血液加速流动，从而提高一项叫做“最大摄氧量”(VO2 max)的指标，也就是运动时组织细胞所能消耗或利用的氧气最高值。最大摄氧量越高，意味着你越健康。但在这项研究中，科学家发现严格的有氧运动并不会明显提高所有人的最大摄氧量：研究中有五分之一的受试者最大摄氧量只提高了不到5%。

Their resistance was, in part, genetic—and the researchers were able to identify a set of genes that could predict who would not benefit from time on the Stairmaster. Imagine that tests show that, for you, exercise is a waste of time. Would you be disappointed? Or secretly delighted to get back on the couch?

这种“抵抗现象”部分是由遗传因素导致的。研究人员鉴定出了一系列的相关基因，从而可以预测谁不适合进行有氧锻炼。假如测试结果告诉你，运动对你来说是浪费时间，你会感到难过，还是会在心里暗爽“再也不用运动了”?

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.

感谢收听《科学美国人》的60秒科学。凯伦·霍普金报道。