VOA慢速英语：重复感染COVID比第一次感染更危险

A new study has found that the risk of death, hospitalization and serious health issues from COVID-19 increases with reinfection regardless of vaccination.

一项新的研究发现，无论是否接种疫苗，COVID-19再次感染都会增加死亡、住院和严重健康问题的风险。

The study examined U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs data collected from March 1, 2020 through April 6, 2022. It included information on 443,588 patients with one SARS-CoV-2 infection, 40,947 with two or more infections, and 5.3 million who were not infected. Most of the study subjects were male.

这项研究调查了美国退伍军人事务部从2020年3月1日到2022年4月6日收集的数据。其中包括443,588名感染了一次SARS-CoV-2的患者，40,947名感染了两次或两次以上的患者，以及530万未感染者。大多数研究对象都是男性。

"Reinfection with COVID-19 increases the risk of both acute outcomes and long COVID," said Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. He added that this was clear "in unvaccinated, vaccinated and boosted people."

圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院的Ziyad Al-Aly博士说:“再次感染COVID-19会增加急性结局和长时间COVID的风险。”他补充说，“在未接种疫苗、接种疫苗和接种疫苗的人群中”，这一点都很明显。

Reinfected patients had a doubled risk of death and a tripled risk of hospitalization compared with individuals infected only once. The patients also had increased risks for a number of other health problems, the study, reported in Nature Medicine, found. The problems affected the lungs, heart, blood, kidneys, bones and muscles. Reinfection also increased the risk of mental health, brain and nerve disorders.

与只感染过一次的人相比，再次感染的患者死亡风险增加了一倍，住院风险增加了两倍。这项发表在《自然医学》杂志上的研究还发现，这些患者出现其他健康问题的风险也增加了。除了会影响到肺、心脏、血液、肾脏、骨骼和肌肉外，再次感染还增加了精神健康、大脑和神经疾病的风险。

"Even if one had prior infection and was vaccinated - meaning they had double immunity from prior infection plus vaccines - they are still susceptible to adverse outcomes upon reinfection," said Al-Aly. He was the lead writer of the study.

Al-Aly说:“即使一个人以前感染过并接种过疫苗——这意味着他们有以前的感染和疫苗的双重免疫力——他们在再次感染时仍然容易出现不良后果。”他是这项研究的主要作者。

Susceptible means easily affected or harmed by something.

易感的意思是容易受到某物的影响或伤害。

People with repeat infections were three times more likely to develop lung problems, three times more likely to suffer heart conditions and 60 percent more likely to have brain or nerve disorders, the study found. The risks were highest in the first month after reinfection but were still clear six months later.

研究发现，重复感染的人患肺部疾病的可能性增加三倍，患心脏疾病的可能性增加三倍，患大脑或神经疾病的可能性是原来的60%。这些风险在再次感染后的第一个月最高，但六个月后仍然很明显。

The total risks of repeat infection increased with the number of infections, even after examining differences in COVID-19 variants such as Delta, Omicron and BA.5, the researchers said.

研究人员说，即使在考虑了Delta、Omicron和BA.5等COVID-19变体的差异之后，重复感染的总风险也会随着感染数量的增加而增加。

"We had started seeing a lot of patients coming to the clinic with an air of invincibility," Al-Aly told Reuters. "They wondered, 'Does getting a reinfection really matter?' The answer is yes, it absolutely does."

“我们发现很多病人带着一种不可战胜的气息来到诊所，”Al-Aly告诉路透社。“他们想知道，‘再次感染真的重要吗?’答案是肯定的，绝对如此。”

He added that ahead of a season that often involves travel and indoor gatherings, people should be aware that reinfection is serious and should take steps to avoid getting infected.

他补充说，在旅行和室内聚会的假期到来之前，人们应该意识到再次感染的严重性，并采取措施避免被感染。

Al-Aly explained that researchers are not suggesting serious measures, "but maybe if you're going on a plane, wear a mask." Or, if a person is in a food store, "consider that the person near you may have a weak immune system, and if you wear a mask you might help to protect them," he said.

Al-Aly解释说，研究人员并没有建议采取严肃的措施，“但如果你要坐飞机，最好戴上口罩。”或者，在食品店，“考虑到你附近的人可能免疫系统较弱，如果你戴上口罩，可能有助于保护他们。”

I'm John Russell.

约翰·拉塞尔报道。