In Pakistan, every part of Rajul Noor's life has been wrecked by this summer's huge floods. The 12-year-old girl's family home was destroyed, as was the school that she loved. The friends she used to walk to school and play with have fled to other areas.
在巴基斯坦，拉朱尔·努尔生活的每一部分都被今年夏天的大洪水摧毁了。这个12岁女孩的家被摧毁了，她热爱的学校也被摧毁了。她过去步行上学和玩耍的朋友已经逃到其他地区。
"Our whole world is underwater, and nobody has helped us," Noor told The Associated Press. Her family now lives in a tent in Dadu district in Pakistan's Sindh province.
“我们的整个世界都在水下，没有人帮助我们，”努尔告诉美联社。她的家人现在住在巴基斯坦信德省大都区的帐篷里。
Almost 100 percent of the district's cotton and rice crops were destroyed. More than half its primary and secondary schools were fully or partially damaged, local officials say. This level of damage is seen in towns and cities across Pakistan.
当地官员说，该地区几乎100%的棉花和水稻作物被毁。当地一半以上的中小学全部或部分受损。巴基斯坦各地的城镇都可以看到这种程度的破坏。
Scientists have said climate change helped increase the monsoon rains this summer. The storms brought three-and-a-half times the normal amount of rain, leaving a third of the country underwater. At least 1,300 people were killed. Another 33 million across Pakistan have been affected by the flooding.
科学家表示，气候变化增加了今年夏天的季风降雨量。风暴带来的降雨量是正常降雨量的三倍半，导致该国三分之一的地区被淹没。至少1300人丧生。巴基斯坦还有3300万人受到洪水的影响。
The widespread, costly destruction has led some Pakistani officials to call on other nations to provide financial assistance to help Pakistan deal with the disaster. The officials argue that because richer, developed countries produce more climate-harming pollution, they should be responsible for giving money to poorer countries who suffer because of it.
这种大规模的、代价高昂的破坏导致一些巴基斯坦官员呼吁其他国家提供财政援助，帮助巴基斯坦应对这场灾难。这些官员认为，因为富裕的发达国家产生了更多对气候有害的污染，他们应该负责向因此而受苦的贫穷国家提供资金。
Estimates have shown that Pakistan added just 0.8 percent to the world's carbon emissions. But it now faces damages estimated at more than $30 billion. This is more than 10 percent of its gross domestic product, or GDP. The amount includes 2 million damaged or destroyed homes, nearly 24,000 schools, about 1,500 health centers and 13,000 kilometers of roads. Many bridges, hotels, dams and other structures were also destroyed.
估计表明，巴基斯坦仅增加了世界碳排放量的 0.8%。但它现在面临的损失估计超过 300 亿美元。占其国内生产总值或 GDP 的 10% 以上。其中包括 200 万座受损或被毁的房屋、近 24,000 所学校、约 1,500 个医疗中心和 13,000 公里的道路。许多桥梁、旅馆、水坝和其他建筑物也被摧毁。
Pakistan's Foreign Minister, Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari, said: "These 33 million Pakistanis are paying in the form of their lives and livelihoods for the industrialization of bigger countries."
巴基斯坦外交部长比拉瓦尔·布托-扎尔达里说：“这 3300 万巴基斯坦人正在为大国的工业化付出生命和生计的代价。”
Developed nations have repeatedly rejected the idea that they owe money to less-developed ones. But Pakistan and other developing countries want the issue to be seriously discussed at COP27, next month's international climate conference in Egypt.
发达国家一再否认他们欠发展中国家钱的想法。但巴基斯坦和其他发展中国家希望在下个月于埃及举行的COP27国际气候会议上认真讨论这个问题。
Margeretha Wewerinke-Singh is an assistant professor of international public law at Leiden University in the Netherlands. She noted one argument that supports legal action. International law says states have a duty not to cause harm to the environment of other states. Violations can cause an obligation to either pay money or restore the situation to what it was before the damage.
Margeretha Wewerinke-Singh 是荷兰莱顿大学国际公法助理教授。她指出了一个支持法律行动的论点。国际法规定，各国有义务不对其他国家的环境造成损害。违规行为可能会导致一种义务，要么支付金钱，要么将情况恢复到损害前的水平。
Wewerinke-Singh said Pakistan could bring cases in national courts against governments or companies that pollute. She compared this to past lawsuits brought against tobacco companies for the harm their smoking products caused. Wewerinke-Singh said the cases involving tobacco seemed unusual and unlikely to succeed at first but were very successful in the end.
Wewerinke-Singh 说，巴基斯坦可以在国家法院对污染政府或公司提起诉讼。她将此与过去针对烟草公司的吸烟产品造成的危害提起的诉讼进行了比较。Wewerinke-Singh 说，涉及烟草的案件似乎不寻常，起初不太可能成功，但最终非常成功。
Pakistan's prime minister and foreign minister have both made clear that their country is not demanding reparations. Instead, they have said they think rich nations have a moral obligation to help Pakistan as a victim of climate change.
巴基斯坦总理和外交部长都明确表示，他们的国家不要求赔偿。相反，他们说他们认为富裕国家有道德义务帮助巴基斯坦这个气候变化的受害者。
The issue becomes more complex with the question of how much Pakistan's own policies might also have worsened the effects of flooding disasters.
随着巴基斯坦自己的政策在多大程度上也可能加剧洪水灾害的影响，这个问题变得更加复杂。
Pakistan approved a national flood protection plan in 2017 but never put it in place. The World Bank offered $200 million in assistance to pay for flood protection projects in the country's Baluchistan province. But the money was suspended because of Pakistan's lack of progress. The projects were supposed to have been completed this month.
巴基斯坦于 2017 年批准了一项国家防洪计划，但从未实施。世界银行提供了 2 亿美元的援助，用于支付该国俾路支省的防洪项目。但由于巴基斯坦缺乏进展，这笔钱被暂停了。这些项目本应在本月完成。
In addition, no reforms were put in place after severe flooding in 2010 that killed nearly 2,000 people, said Daanish Mustafa. He helped create Pakistan's first climate change response plan.
此外，达尼什·穆斯塔法说，在经历 2010 年造成近 2000 人死亡的严重洪水之后，没有进行任何改革。他帮助制定了巴基斯坦第一个气候变化应对计划。
Mustafa has suggested that Pakistan take important actions to reduce the damage from future flooding events. These include removing materials that block the natural flow of water and preventing the building of homes in high-risk flood areas.
穆斯塔法建议巴基斯坦采取重要行动，减少未来洪水事件的损害。其中包括清除阻碍自然水流的材料，防止在高风险洪水地区建造房屋。
In Dadu, Noor is trying to push ahead with normal daily life. But many things have changed in her usual routine. "I lived happily at home. I miss everything about it," she said. "It makes me cry."
在大都，努尔正努力推进正常的日常生活。但她的日常生活发生了许多变化。“我在家里过得很开心。想起曾经的一切，”她说。“我哭了。”
I'm Andrew Smith.
安德鲁·史密斯报道。
In Pakistan, every part of Rajul Noor's life has been wrecked by this summer's huge floods. The 12-year-old girl's family home was destroyed, as was the school that she loved. The friends she used to walk to school and play with have fled to other areas.
"Our whole world is underwater, and nobody has helped us," Noor told The Associated Press. Her family now lives in a tent in Dadu district in Pakistan's Sindh province.
Almost 100 percent of the district's cotton and rice crops were destroyed. More than half its primary and secondary schools were fully or partially damaged, local officials say. This level of damage is seen in towns and cities across Pakistan.
Scientists have said climate change helped increase the monsoon rains this summer. The storms brought three-and-a-half times the normal amount of rain, leaving a third of the country underwater. At least 1,300 people were killed. Another 33 million across Pakistan have been affected by the flooding.
The widespread, costly destruction has led some Pakistani officials to call on other nations to provide financial assistance to help Pakistan deal with the disaster. The officials argue that because richer, developed countries produce more climate-harming pollution, they should be responsible for giving money to poorer countries who suffer because of it.
Estimates have shown that Pakistan added just 0.8 percent to the world's carbon emissions. But it now faces damages estimated at more than $30 billion. This is more than 10 percent of its gross domestic product, or GDP. The amount includes 2 million damaged or destroyed homes, nearly 24,000 schools, about 1,500 health centers and 13,000 kilometers of roads. Many bridges, hotels, dams and other structures were also destroyed.
Pakistan's Foreign Minister, Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari, said: "These 33 million Pakistanis are paying in the form of their lives and livelihoods for the industrialization of bigger countries."
Developed nations have repeatedly rejected the idea that they owe money to less-developed ones. But Pakistan and other developing countries want the issue to be seriously discussed at COP27, next month's international climate conference in Egypt.
Margeretha Wewerinke-Singh is an assistant professor of international public law at Leiden University in the Netherlands. She noted one argument that supports legal action. International law says states have a duty not to cause harm to the environment of other states. Violations can cause an obligation to either pay money or restore the situation to what it was before the damage.
Wewerinke-Singh said Pakistan could bring cases in national courts against governments or companies that pollute. She compared this to past lawsuits brought against tobacco companies for the harm their smoking products caused. Wewerinke-Singh said the cases involving tobacco seemed unusual and unlikely to succeed at first but were very successful in the end.
Pakistan's prime minister and foreign minister have both made clear that their country is not demanding reparations. Instead, they have said they think rich nations have a moral obligation to help Pakistan as a victim of climate change.
The issue becomes more complex with the question of how much Pakistan's own policies might also have worsened the effects of flooding disasters.
Pakistan approved a national flood protection plan in 2017 but never put it in place. The World Bank offered $200 million in assistance to pay for flood protection projects in the country's Baluchistan province. But the money was suspended because of Pakistan's lack of progress. The projects were supposed to have been completed this month.
In addition, no reforms were put in place after severe flooding in 2010 that killed nearly 2,000 people, said Daanish Mustafa. He helped create Pakistan's first climate change response plan.
Mustafa has suggested that Pakistan take important actions to reduce the damage from future flooding events. These include removing materials that block the natural flow of water and preventing the building of homes in high-risk flood areas.
In Dadu, Noor is trying to push ahead with normal daily life. But many things have changed in her usual routine. "I lived happily at home. I miss everything about it," she said. "It makes me cry."
I'm Andrew Smith.
Riazat Butt and Adil Jawad Khan wrote this story for the Associated Press. Andrew Smith adapted it for VOA Learning English.
_____________________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
monsoon -n. a period of the year with heavy rain
emission -n. the act of releasing something
gross domestic product -n. the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in a single year
livelihood -n. jobs or activities which provide the main source of money for a person or family
obligation -n. a duty
reparations -n. money and other forms of support and payment that a state gives to another state or group for damages and injuries they caused, often due to war or historical injustices
routine -n. a series of actions that are repeated in the same way in a given situation
______________________________________________________________________
We want to hear from you.
We have a new comment system. Here is how it works:
Each time you return to comment on the Learning English site, you can use your account and see your comments and replies to them. Our comment policy is here.
内容来自 VOA英语学习网：https://www.chinavoa.com/show-8832-243269-1.html
