Ben Bernanke, former head of the U.S. Federal Reserve, and two other American economists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences on Monday.
周一，美国联邦储备委员会前总裁本·伯南克和另外两名美国经济学家获得了诺贝尔经济学奖。
Bernanke is credited with helping lead the United States out of the 2007-2008 financial crisis.
伯南克因帮助带领美国走出 2007-2008 年金融危机而受到赞誉。
The two other winners were Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig.
另外两位获奖者是道格拉斯·戴蒙德和菲利普·戴布维格。
The Nobel committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the three financial experts showed "why avoiding bank collapses is vital."
瑞典皇家科学院的诺贝尔委员会表示，三位金融专家展示了“为什么避免银行倒闭至关重要”。
John Hassler of the prize committee said: "Financial crises and depressions are kind of the worst thing that can happen to the economy."
颁奖委员会的约翰·哈斯勒 (John Hassler) 说：“金融危机和萧条是经济可能发生的最糟糕的事情。”
The three men worked during their university careers to understand how bank failures can cause economic downturns. Before their work, most economists saw bank failures as a result of - but not a cause of - economic problems.
三位经济学家在大学生涯中致力于研究银行倒闭会如何导致经济衰退。在他们研究之前，大多数经济学家认为银行倒闭是经济问题的结果，而不是原因。
Research by Diamond and Dybvig in the 1980s showed that governments could provide assistance to protect money in banks and prevent financial crises from getting worse.
戴蒙德和戴布维格在20世纪80年代的研究表明，政府可以提供援助，以保护银行中的资金，防止金融危机恶化。
Bernanke did his work at Stanford University before serving as chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014. Diamond worked at the University of Chicago and Dybvig at Washington University in St. Louis.
伯南克在2006年至2014年担任美联储主席之前曾在斯坦福大学工作。戴蒙德曾在芝加哥大学工作，戴布维格在华盛顿大学(圣路易斯)工作。
Diamond told the Associated Press he was "very happy" and "quite surprised" to get the news of his prize win. He said it was "gratifying" that the work the economists did was easy to understand by government leaders. In addition, the proposed policies "could be used in the actual financial crisis."
戴蒙德在接受美联社采访时表示，得知自己获奖的消息时，他感到“非常高兴”和“非常惊讶”。他说，经济学家所做的工作很容易被政府领导人理解，这是“令人欣慰的”。此外，拟议的政策“可能会在实际的金融危机中使用”。
Diamond added that the current financial system is "much less vulnerable" because of the work the economists did in the past.
戴蒙德还说，因为经济学家们过去所做的工作，所以目前的金融体系“不那么脆弱”。
The university research proved valuable in 2008 when investors sent the financial system into a panic. At the time, Bernanke worked with the U.S. Treasury Department to support major banks and ease a shortage of credit. He also pushed interest rates on loans lower and asked the Federal Reserve to buy problematic investments. The actions calmed investors and supported large banks.
2008年，当投资者让金融体系陷入恐慌时，大学的研究被证明是有价值的。当时，伯南克与美国财政部共同支持主要银行，缓解信贷短缺。他还降低了贷款利率，并要求美联储购买有问题的投资。这些举措安抚了投资者，并支持了大型银行。
The work from 2008 set an example that was used again in 2020 when the world was in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. World economies slowed down as people were forced to stay home from work.
2008年的举措树立了一个榜样，因而在2020年再次使用了该举措，当时世界正处于新冠疫情的初期阶段。由于人们被迫待在家里不能工作，世界经济放缓。
At that point, the leader of the Federal Reserve was Jerome Powell. Powell cut interest rates and put money into the financial system, which started a fast recovery. While those actions steadied the economy, many nations are still worried about rising costs in food and energy.
当时，美联储的领导人是杰罗姆·鲍威尔。鲍威尔降低利率，并将资金投入金融体系，从而使得经济开始快速复苏。虽然这些举措稳定了经济，但许多国家仍然担心食品和能源价格上涨。
The Nobel committee noted a paper Bernanke wrote at Stanford in 1983 about the cause of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Allan Blinder, an economics expert at Princeton University, told The Associated Press he considered that paper "startlingly original." He said it had played an important part in explaining how the Great Depression started and why it lasted so long.
诺贝尔奖评审委员会注意到伯南克1983年在斯坦福大学写的一篇有关20世纪30年代经济大萧条原因的论文。普林斯顿大学的经济专家艾伦·布林德告诉美联社，他认为这篇论文“非常具有原创性”。他说，这篇论文在解释经济大萧条是如何开始的以及它持续了这么长时间的原因方面发挥了重要作用。
Simon Johnson is an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He said a work by Diamond and Dybvig about how governments can support bank deposits proposed a "very, very powerful idea." In addition, Diamond wrote about how banks should play an important part in deciding which projects are "worthy" of being financed.
西蒙·约翰逊是麻省理工学院的经济学家。他说，戴蒙德和戴布维格关于政府如何支持银行存款的研究提出了一个“非常强有力的想法”。此外，戴蒙德还写道，银行应如何在决定哪些项目“值得”获得融资方面发挥重要作用。
Monday's award was the last in a week of Nobel Prize announcements. The winners will share a cash prize worth about $900,000 that will be given out at an event on December 10.
周一颁发的奖项是为期一周的诺贝尔奖揭晓的最后一个奖项。获奖者将分享价值约90万美元的现金奖励，奖金将在12月10日的活动中颁发。
I'm Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德尔报道。
Ben Bernanke, former head of the U.S. Federal Reserve, and two other American economists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences on Monday.
Bernanke is credited with helping lead the United States out of the 2007-2008 financial crisis.
The two other winners were Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig.
The Nobel committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the three financial experts showed "why avoiding bank collapses is vital."
John Hassler of the prize committee said: "Financial crises and depressions are kind of the worst thing that can happen to the economy."
The three men worked during their university careers to understand how bank failures can cause economic downturns. Before their work, most economists saw bank failures as a result of - but not a cause of - economic problems.
Research by Diamond and Dybvig in the 1980s showed that governments could provide assistance to protect money in banks and prevent financial crises from getting worse.
Bernanke did his work at Stanford University before serving as chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014. Diamond worked at the University of Chicago and Dybvig at Washington University in St. Louis.
Diamond told the Associated Press he was "very happy" and "quite surprised" to get the news of his prize win. He said it was "gratifying" that the work the economists did was easy to understand by government leaders. In addition, the proposed policies "could be used in the actual financial crisis."
Diamond added that the current financial system is "much less vulnerable" because of the work the economists did in the past.
The university research proved valuable in 2008 when investors sent the financial system into a panic. At the time, Bernanke worked with the U.S. Treasury Department to support major banks and ease a shortage of credit. He also pushed interest rates on loans lower and asked the Federal Reserve to buy problematic investments. The actions calmed investors and supported large banks.
The work from 2008 set an example that was used again in 2020 when the world was in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. World economies slowed down as people were forced to stay home from work.
At that point, the leader of the Federal Reserve was Jerome Powell. Powell cut interest rates and put money into the financial system, which started a fast recovery. While those actions steadied the economy, many nations are still worried about rising costs in food and energy.
The Nobel committee noted a paper Bernanke wrote at Stanford in 1983 about the cause of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Allan Blinder, an economics expert at Princeton University, told The Associated Press he considered that paper "startlingly original." He said it had played an important part in explaining how the Great Depression started and why it lasted so long.
Simon Johnson is an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He said a work by Diamond and Dybvig about how governments can support bank deposits proposed a "very, very powerful idea." In addition, Diamond wrote about how banks should play an important part in deciding which projects are "worthy" of being financed.
Monday's award was the last in a week of Nobel Prize announcements. The winners will share a cash prize worth about $900,000 that will be given out at an event on December 10.
I'm Dan Friedell.
Dan Friedell adapted this story for VOA Learning English based on a report by The Associated Press.
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Words in This Story
vital -adj. extremely important
gratify -v. to make someone happy or satisfied
vulnerable -adj. open to attack, harm, or damage
panic -n. a state or feeling of extreme fear that makes someone unable to act or think normally
startle -v. to surprise or frighten (someone) suddenly and usually not seriously
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